Chapter 3 and 4 Practice Quiz and Review Sheet


CHAPTER THREE:

1. Erosion is the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil.
2. Deposition occurs where the agents of erosion lay down sediment.
3. The force that moves rock and other materials downhill is called gravity
4. a. Mudflows
b. Landslides
c. Creep
d. Slump
5. Water
6. a. Waterfalls—rivers falls down over rocks or mountains
b. Meanders—these are the big bends in rivers that wind from side to side.
c. Oxbow lakes—a horseshoe shaped lake that used to be a meander.
7. a. Alluvial fans—these are made from sediment washed down a mountain by rain and they look like fans that you wave in front of your face
b. Delta—the muddy areas found where the rivers meet the sea.
8. Smaller particles erode more than bigger particles.
Steeper slopes erode more than flatter slopes.

CHAPTER FOUR:
9. The core (inner and outer), the mantle, the crust.
10. Both would be very, very high.
11. The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both the oceanic crust and the continental crust.
12. The lithosphere is all the crust and the top part of the mantle together.
13. The asthenosphere is the gooey middle part of the mantle where convection currents happen.
14. The lower mantle is the hard solid bottom of the mantle
15. Iron and nickel
16. a. radiation—heat transfer by light
b. convection—heat transfer by mixing fluids (liquids or gases)
c. conduction—heat transfer by touching
17. Convection (because they are both liquids that are swirling) but heat GETS from the core TO the mantle by conduction because the core and mantle don’t mix together. Get it?
18. The ancient supercontinent that was made when all of today’s continents were joined together.
19. They found evidence from fossils, geography, and climates.
20. Any one:
-fossils of the same animal of plant are found on many different continents that are now separated by lots of water
-there are glacier markings in places that are really hot today
-there are fossils in places that are too cold to have anything living there today
-land features like mountains on one continent line up with ones on continents far away
21. When plates move away from each other, magma oozes out the crack and hardens into new crust. The new crust is a mountain range called a mid-ocean ridge.
22. A mountain range running along the boundary between two separating plates.
23. The rock along the ridge is young and gets older on both sides as you move away from the ridge.
24. One tectonic plate slides under another one.
25. The crust is made of plates that are constantly moving.
26. Pacific and North American
27. a. Colliding—plates run into each other
b. Sliding—plates slide past each other in opposite directions.
c. Spreading—plates move away from each other.
28. North America (Canada, The US, Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama)
South America (Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Uruguay)
Africa (Egypt, Congo, South Africa, Ethiopia, Niger, Chad, Gabon)
Europe (Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, Andorra, Luxembourg)
Asia (China, India, Thailand, Nepal, Vietnam)
Australia (Australia)
Antarctica (none)